What is HIV/AIDS?
- HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system.
- AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. It is the advanced stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely compromised.
Causes of HIV
HIV is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which attacks the immune system’s CD4 T cells.
Symptoms of HIV
Early stages of HIV often have no symptoms or mild flu-like symptoms. As the infection progresses, symptoms may include:
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Sore throat
- Rash
- Weight loss
- Opportunistic infections (like pneumonia, tuberculosis)
Modes of Transmission
HIV is primarily transmitted through:
- Unprotected sexual contact: This includes anal, vaginal, and oral sex.
- Sharing needles or syringes: This is common among people who inject drugs.
- Blood transfusion: While rare in developed countries, this was a common mode of transmission before strict screening measures were in place.
- Mother-to-child transmission: HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Prevention of HIV
- Consistent and correct condom use: This is highly effective in preventing HIV transmission through sexual contact.
- Avoid sharing needles or syringes: If you use drugs, use clean needles and syringes.
- Get tested regularly: Early detection allows for early treatment and reduces the risk of transmission.
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): This medication can prevent HIV infection in people at high risk.
- Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP): This medication can prevent HIV infection after potential exposure.
- Safe blood transfusions: Ensuring blood is screened for HIV before transfusion.
- Mother-to-child prevention: Antiretroviral treatment for pregnant women can significantly reduce the risk of transmission to the child.
Important: HIV is not spread through casual contact, such as hugging, kissing, sharing utensils, or swimming.
Remember: Early detection and treatment of HIV are crucial for managing the infection and preventing its progression to AIDS. If you have concerns about HIV, talk to a healthcare provider.
Would you like to know more about specific prevention methods, treatment options, or support resources for people living with HIV/AIDS?
