Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can infect the genitals, rectum, throat, and even the eyes.
Causes
Gonorrhea is spread through sexual contact with an infected person. This includes vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Transmission can also occur from a mother to her baby during childbirth.
Symptoms
Many people with gonorrhea don’t experience any symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they usually appear within 1 to 14 days after exposure.
Symptoms in Men
- Burning sensation during urination
- Increased discharge from the penis (white, yellow, or green)
- Painful or swollen testicles
Symptoms in Women
- Burning sensation during urination
- Increased vaginal discharge (yellow or green)
- Painful intercourse
- Pelvic pain
Symptoms in Both Men and Women
- Rectal pain, discharge, or bleeding
- Sore throat
- Swollen lymph nodes in the groin
Complications
If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to serious complications, including:
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, which can cause infertility
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Increased risk of HIV infection
- Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI), a rare condition that can cause widespread infection throughout the body
Prevention
There are several ways to reduce your risk of gonorrhea:
- Mutual monogamy with a partner who has been tested and is not infected
- Correct and consistent condom use during vaginal, anal, and oral sex
- Avoidance of douching, which can wash away protective bacteria in the vagina
- Getting tested regularly for STIs, especially if you have new sexual partners
Treatment
Gonorrhea is treated with antibiotics. It’s important to take all of the medication prescribed by your doctor, even if your symptoms improve. You should also avoid sexual contact until you and your partner(s) have completed treatment.
If you think you may have gonorrhea, it’s important to see a doctor right away for testing and treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications.
